DNA Repair Mechanism - NEIL


DNA repair mechanism through Protein NEIL3

DNA, a nucleic acid which contain genetic information, used in the development and functioning of all known living organism and viruses. In this article we are going to discuss about NIEL3, a protein responsible for maintaining the integrity of DNA in Human and other mammals. Protein NIEL3 was first discovered in the year 2008 and since then it is considered as a basic DNA maintenance enzyme of type glycosylase.

It functions as a maintenance protein by patrolling the strands of DNA, checking for lesions-places where one among the four DNA bases has been damaged by radiations or chemical activity. While patrolling if it finds any damaged bases, it cuts those damaged bases free from the DNA backbone also kicking off follow-on mechanisms that links in the proper undamaged bases.

Looking at the importance of protein NEIL3 as maintenance protein, researchers and scientists took special interest in protein NEIL3 and came up with the common view about the specific activity of protein NEIL3.
According to Miral Dizdaroglu, biochemist and Senior Research Fellow at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the process of maintenance by protein NEIL3 is critical to cell health. He also added that their is a continuous and ongoing DNA disruption all the time and about one to two percent of oxygen becomes toxic in cells, for example, creating free radicals that damage DNA. He clearly said, without these DNA repair mechanism their wouldn't be any life on Earth.

The Protein NIEL3 belongs to glycosylases group and is seem to be highly specific and respond only to few unique cases of many potential DNA base lesion. NIEL3 along with its kin NEIL1 and NIEL2 are considered as mammalian versions of enzyme found in the bacterium E.coli.


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